Introduction System

Introduction System

There are number of terms that are associated with building information system. These are data and information.

Data

Data  are raw facts and figures that are set of isolated, unrelated and un-related. Data can be collected from various sources obtained through interview, questionnaire, on-site observation, counting, measuring, weighing, sampling etc. data by them self are useless until it is processed or transformed into information that can be used for decision making. A simple example of data is the class attendance at a school. Here, we records the number of students, and number of the students of the class.

Information 

Information is a set of organized, validated, corrected and collected data. Information is the processed data into a form that is meaningful to the recipients so that decision maker may take necessary actions. Information has to be shaped into a form that is meaningful  and useful to human beings. It will be noted that the users are involved in the transformation of into information. There is a process of thought and understanding involved before the message can be understood. One of the example of information is “Kathmandu is the capital of Nepal”

Definition of Information System

Information system is interrelated components working together to collect data, process it, gives output and store using the resources of hardware, software, people, procedure and control mechanism that helps to support decision making, co-ordination, control, analysis and visualization in an organization. The aim of an information system  is to provide detailed information on a timely basis throughout throughout the organization so that the top management can take proper action and effective decision

The system in which data is converted to information and that information is to the people in an organization is called information system. So data are the major raw material in information system. The information system that uses the computer is called computer based information system (CBIS). A CBIS is an organized integration of software and hardware technologies.   

System Development Concept

System  Development  Concept

Introduction: System, information System

System

The system  is derived fro Greek word “systema”, which means to “place together” i.e. an organized relationship among functioning of all units. A system is a collection of interrelated components, collaboratively work together for a specific purpose. The system is one in which data flow from one person or division to another and it can include telephone links to computer system that generate periodic reports for various user.

1.      A  system is a collection of elements or components that are organized  for common purpose in order to facilitate the flow of information.

2.      A system can be defined as any set of objects and ideas, and their interrelationships, which are ordered to a common goal or purpose.

3.      A system is a set of elements joined together for a common objective.

4.      A system can be also defined as a combination of people, device, process, and method interrelated in working towards a common goral. E.g business organization, school, college, water supply, electrical distribution, banking, all these are the examples of the system.

The system has three basic interacting components or functions:

1)     Input: It involves capturing and assembling elements that enter the system to be processed. For example, raw materials, energy, data, and human effort must be secured and organized for processing.

2)     Processing : It involves transformation processes that convert input into out put. Example is a manufacturing process, the human breathing process, or mathematical calculation.

3)     Output: It involves transferring elements that have been produced by a transformation process to their ultimate destination. Example is a manufactured product.

4)     System structure composed of following components:

1.      Goal setting: the goal setting is abstract to a system, which defines exactly what the system is supposed to do.

2.      System boundary:  The system boundary is known as the system and scope of the organization. System components exist inside the boundary and environments exist outside the boundary with which system interacts. The component within the system boundary can be changed during the system design.

3.  System environment: Anything outside the system boundary is known as the system environment. It defines the factors outside the system study that can be affect system behavior.

4.    Subsystems: A system can be made up of any number of subsystem. Subsystem is a part of a system. Each subsystem carries out part of the system function. Subsystems are important because they can help to handle systems complexity and thus improve the understanding of the by passing message between themselves. A  good system will be made up of high independent  subsystems with minimum flow  between them. Minimum flow in turn minimizes complexity and simplifies the system.

5.     Feedback: Feedback is the idea of monitoring the current system output and comparing it to the system goal. It can be defined as using variations from system goal to change system behavior. Any variations from the goal are the feedback into the system and use to adjust to ensure that it meets its goal. For this it is necessary to monitor the system whether it is meeting its goal or not.

6.     Monitoring: Monitoring is abstract to a system, which checks made to see if a system is meeting its goal.